Proper nouns are names of particular individuals, places, or things, such as Josephina, Michigan, Oreo, and United Auto Workers. When combining with another common noun to form the name for a region . Likewise, capitalize terms such as "Native American," "Hispanic," and so on. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. Characteristics. Everyone on the bus tour enjoyed the southern food in Tennessee. It only takes a minute to sign up. However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. You wouldnt normally unless north and south are part of a proper noun (e.g., South Africa). Western (and Northern) blots however, were not named after inventors but were given these names in honor of . The word white is not usually capitalized in this situation; men would never be. For places names and proper names, the word "Southern" should be capitalized, but in other contexts, it is not. Rule 2. When words like northern, southern, eastern, or western precede a place name, they aren't usually capitalized because they only indicate a general location within a region. However, to, not a dash, should be used when from introduces a range of dates (from 2012 to 2013, not from 2012-13). The water and land global areas are further divided into subregions bounded by huge geographical features influencing large-scale ecologies. And Wisconsin is known as the Badger State (not "the badger state") even though its official name is Wisconsin. The days of the week are: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday. The Department decided on the current two-letter abbreviations in October 1963. Capitalize the first word of every sentence. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. By convention, however, southern is capitalized when it refers to the region of California: I live in Southern California. When common nouns like party, river, and street are included in a proper name, capitalize them. However, they should be capitalized only in such contexts; names of compass points in sentences such as "I drove southeast for several hours" or "Have you been to any of the southwestern states?" are not capitalized. Back East. Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest). Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? What about capitalizing a Westerner or a Westerner? The geographical areas "The North," "The East," "The South," and "The West" are treated like proper nouns. Some could argue the word "Southerner" in the sentence denotes someone who belongs to a specific region, and the letter "S" should therefore be capitalized. It might be amusing to look for instances of "southern Southern California" or "northern Southern California". Thus, we have rigid goldenrod but Missouri goldenrod, azure penstemon but Torrey's penstemon and California penstemon. Canada, Western European nations and developed parts of Asia; Global Southern countries are those that are less economically developed such as nations in Africa and some parts of Asia [29 . Names of racial and ethnic groups are treated as proper nouns, which means they are capitalized (e.g., African American, Asian American, Black, European American, First Nations, Hispanic, Native American, Latinx, White). Surely not one word Southeast? To know what other words you should capitalize, try our free title capitalization tool. It only loosely defines a region of California and its border is not officially defined either. For example: I live in The North. If a is used, go with prime minister.). However, a co-author argues that southern should not be capitalized, because it is an adjective, not a noun. only if it's a proper name. Here are a few sentences with the word "region" in them: If part of a title or headline, the word "region" can be capitalized to conform to title capitalization rules. Hi there! However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. ), but I'd suggest not capitalizing it unless you're certain it is necessary. The Department provided an initial list of abbreviations in June 1963, but many had three or four letters, which was still too long. Thank you. As noted in the post, there's no need to capitalize generic directions (only when they're part of a proper noun). Opportunities exist on the east and west sides of the city. What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? Best Book Writing Software and Book Writing Apps, Cursive Text Generator , Buscador de palabras y descifrador de palabras. The word states would remain lower case if states is referred to in a general way, such as There are two senators for each state.. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Unless the direction is part of the country's actual name, it remains lowercased. The correct answer is option C. In option A, the word Chemistry is only capitalized leaving the other proper noun in lower case. How to tell which packages are held back due to phased updates. In all cases, though, you should: Check your style guide (if applicable) for advice on specific terms. Capitalize proper nouns and most adjectives formed from proper nouns. Do You Capitalize the Word "Queen" in a Sentence? So capitalize The Pacific Northwest and Central Texas, but not We drove west for two hours., The States that make up The South are usually considered to be: Virginia Tennessee Arkansas Louisiana North Carolina South Carolina Mississippi Alabama Georgia Florida Texas. Have you ever wondered when its okay to capitalize north, east, south, and west? ANS: Demand, Copyright 2023 TipsFolder.com | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. Do you capitalize state when referring to a state? And if so, when? O needs to be capitalized since it is at the beginning of the sentence, I needs to be capital, Pisces is a specific constellation so it is a proper noun, and likewise North is proper noun. Most style guides recommend capitalizing "West Coast" when referring to the western seaboard of the U.S. hi, should i capitalize 'west' in 'west Africa' or 'north' in north Africa'? Here Chemistry and Spanish are the proper nouns. But southerner and northerner are capitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Do you capitalize the word state when referring to a state? The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. She moved from the East Coast to the West Coast. However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. Use a hyphen to show a range of dates and do not repeat 20 (2012-13, not 2012-2013). Why do many companies reject expired SSL certificates as bugs in bug bounties? Capitalize these words when they designate regions. Do I capitalize southern as in the US region? Lowercase articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions (regardless of length). 3. Is Grandma a well-behaved woman? When these words are included in the place name, however, they must be capitalized. In your first paragraph after the caption you make a good comparison between Wild West and Southern California, but I'm still troubled by a couple of issues. Human settlements and their impact on the physical geography, and, The communication between the environment and humanity, The precipitation is the maximum in the interior, Cattle-breeding techniques or practices could vary across, Urundi and Ruanda are fertile, healthy, high-lying, and thickly populated, This text isn't a law but an abstract of the several special usages obtained in those, She passed the Lake Amadeus and the Reynolds range in that direction but had to turn, Many scholars are now studying the global. Geographic Regions Used as Adjectives States and territories Use initial capitals for words in the formal name. The main style guides all agree on this, although . As a general thumb rule, if a particular direction (north, south, etc.) Hi, Lynne. Proper nouns should always be capitalized. For example, Silicon Valley isn't a proprietary name or legally defined area, but it receives initial caps anyway. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(42679, '499cbd76-cfa5-4fea-836f-ead06058d874', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); North, East, South or West - Capitalize or Not? Besides the global continents, there are also atmospheric and hydrospheric regions that encompass the oceans, discrete climates, or environments above the water and landmasses of earth. As a compass direction, south and southern are not capitalized: Capitalize each term when it is used as a proper name or as part of a proper name, and if the region . But in other cases, it is more a matter of convention and habit. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. However, if, like Northern Ireland and North Korea, the direction is part of the proper name, it should be capitalized. Example: "War-weary ministers in London asked themselves why they fought a costly war in the [north] when they had friends in the Carolinas and Georgia.". So, option 2 is correct. Do not capitalize these words when they merely indicate general location or refer to the geography or climate of the region. The problem is, there doesn't appear to be a consensus. What about capitalizing western or Westerner? Just make sure you are consistent with the letter case. The state abbreviations are always the same: two letter abbreviations with uppercase letters and no periods or spaces between them. the East, the North, the South, the West (of a country) northern, southern, eastern, western (parts of a country) A recognized geographical region. Southern, on the other hand, is capitalized by convention when it refers to California: I live in Southern California. Capitalize common nouns such as party, river and street when they are part of a proper name. The concept of a "region" is significant and used widely among the several geography branches, each of which could describe the areas or zones in region-based terms. Explanation: Because, Pisces is a noun. I guess you're saying that it's always okay to break any principle if you really want to, because CMOS says so. I am living in Western Downtown. On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. When used to refer to direction and location, dont capitalize the names of directions like north, south, east, or west; however, when they appear in the names of places and regions, do capitalize these words. Though a direction is a general noun, it could at times be not that straightforward to ascertain whether it's a common noun or a proper noun. After all, it was named after its inventor, Edwin Southern, and therefore the use of the capital is justified. Most of the north is sandy, and the northern coast is mountainous. Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter! The street is named Bolton Avenue. Capitalize locations in a country if the proper noun is given in other words, the name of a region or city, such as the Congo, the Mississippi River, etc. When referring to Greek, Roman, and other groups of gods and goddesses, only the name is capitalized. Here are a few more examples: When the directional terms are not proper names and are affixed to proper nouns simply to denote direction, they are written in lowercase for example, "southern France", "northern New York", etc. Duck Vs. Loon: How Are These Words Connected? If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize "Southern" when referring to "the South" in the United States, regardless of whether you're discussing the Civil War. For example, The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) recommends capitalization:2. But when the words are used in specific contexts, denote people belonging to a particular region, or refer to their social, political, or cultural activities, they are capitalized. Which sentence is capitalized correctly Carlotta? The example you give is a generic direction used as an adjective (like the "east wing of the mansion" example in the post), so no capitalization is required. When they indicate compass direction, lowercase north, south, northeast, and so on, but capitalize when it indicates a region: the West Coast. When we write the days of the week, we always use a capital letter. In terms of "human geography", the regions and their subregions are elucidated by the ethnography discipline. The mines are in the plateaus western region. When the word "state" comes after a state's name, it should be capitalized. Am I a midwesterner or a Midwesterner? If you have a question about whether a specific word should be capitalized that doesn't fit under one of these rules, try checking a dictionary to see if the word is capitalized there. If as is used as a preposition, it is lowercase; if as is used as an adverb, conjunction or pronoun, it is uppercase. However, when the terms southerner and northerner refer to people on either side of the United States civil war, the civil war was fought between Southerners and Northerners. The FHA insures mortgages for buyers with low credit scores and down payments as low as 3.5%. In other words, when the word "region" is a part of a name or is being specific in its meaning, the word is capitalized. Lorry Vs. Truck: Meaning And How To Use Each One, Turnip Vs. Radish: Meaning And Differences Of These Words. Thor and Norway are capitalized because they are proper nouns. Chicago style is best for writers who want to adhere to traditional publishing standards and academic writers in non-scientific fields. It's the inconsistency or the abrupt switching between capitalized letters and lowercase letters is what that puts readers off. Thus, here are 10 capitalization rules you should know for a well written write-up: Capitalize the first word of every sentence. (I have no authority for this opinion, other than my intuition as an English speaker. Filed Under: Writing Tagged With: AP style, capitalization, Chicago style, dictionaries. When did they standardize state abbreviations? The Midwest is the breadbasket of the United States. At the most basic level, the standard advice is to lowercase north, south, east and west when used as compass directions and to capitalize them when they are used as part of a proper noun or adjective or refer to regions or geographic areas. Unless you are referring to the Four Seasons, there is no reason for seasons to . Hi, Mary. It is also a great option for general business writing. doesn't shout the need for "capitalization", it's safe to write it in lowercase. Some authorities also capitalize titles if they immediately follow the name without the word "the.". Capitalize proper nouns in APA Style. Each morning, the sun rises in the east . proofreading, Which sentence is capitalized correctly I learned that Thor? Southern, according to a co-author, should not be capitalized because it is an adjective rather than a noun. What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? There may be disagreement about where the border of Southern California begins, just as there was and is about the border of the Wild West, but the fact that the Los Angeles metropolitan area, Orange County, and San Diego are all located in Southern California is beyond debate. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. Most style guides say that compass points and the terms derived from them are lowercased if they just mean direction or location. I don't think there's an established norm for identifying regions of Albania in English (although you might get a different answer if you asked an Albanian, I suppose), but looking at Google Ngrams, "southeastern Albania" seems to be the most common option: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=southeast+Albania%2Csoutheastern+Albania%2Csouth-east+Albania%2Csouth-eastern+Albania&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Csoutheast%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csoutheastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20east%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20eastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0 NOTE: When terms like western region and southern district are used to name organizational units within a company, capitalize them. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Each state has its own unique shortened name codes used in written documents and mailing addresses. Hi, Victoria. The capitalization of as depends upon its function. Similarly, the European Union is an assortment of multiple countries. Here Carlotta is the name hence it needs to be in capital and I, Halloween should be capitalized. Here are directions capitalized in sentences: Words such as "southerner" and "northerner" are usually not capitalized if they denote people. are widely recognized as popular names and are thus capitalized. What states in the US are consider southern states? So, should you capitalize regions when writing? The official USPS postal abbreviation is this format. By prevailing usage, roughly the most southerly one-third or two-fifths of California is referred to as Southern California, in initial caps. The following formal names of specific degrees should always be capitalized in AP style: As you can see, master's degrees are capitalized when abbreviated. Are you captivated by capitalization? 5 Free French-to-English Translation Services, Broad geographical regions (e.g., the North or the Far East), People from a specific region (e.g., Northerners, Southerners), Cultures or movements related to a region (e.g., Western philosophy). Regardless of what side of the debate table you are on, the different thoughts clearly illustrate how differing opinions could be on the matter, causing people to use capitalization rules the way they deem appropriate. Phil Jamieson Feb 16, 2010 5:00:00 AM. When the name of a city and state are used together, the name of the state should be abbreviated (except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah). The state abbreviations are always in the same format: two letter abbreviations where both letters are uppercase and no periods or spaces between each letter. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. With states, lowercase in most uses: northern New York. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. You should always capitalize Southerner since it refers to a group of people who are proper nouns. Did the Allman Brothers Band play southern rock or Southern rock? That means you should lowercase articles, conjunctions, and prepositionshowever, some style guides say to capitalize conjunctions and prepositions that are longer than five letters. I studied Pisces, a constellation of the North sky, on a cloudless night. Why Do Cross Country Runners Have Skinny Legs? Use lowercase when referring to directions on a compass. Clearly, LA, OC, and SD are part of Southern California, but there are a lot of other places that are located in southern California that are not located in Southern California, such as Palm Springs, Salton Sea, Joshua Tree, Blythe, etc. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. The mines are located in the western part of the plateau. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as "go south on I-90," then you should keep south lowercase. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if instead you reference a general location, such as the southern winds, then the word southern should be lowercase. The first letter of someone's first, middle, and last name is always capitalized, as in John William Smith . "The South" is capitalized because it designates a definite region, e.g., "I was born and raised in the South." More answers below Lowercase with names of nations (southern France) unless they indicate a political division (South Korea). The mines are located in the western part of the plateau. That means that official names of departments and units should be capitalized and not when referring to just a type of department or unit. 9 Should north southeast and West be capitalized? when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. Hope all that helps! Capitalize a persons title when it precedes the name. At 8.47 ("Popular place names or epithets"), CMOS notes that certain other regions and epithets receive initial caps as well. Can you drive with a broken front differential? Popular usage sets the rules for standard practice especially in the case of region names. The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: We study the history of Eastern Europe. But because it has defined boundaries and administration, it's a "region". It does not store any personal data. When you're talking about America's West Coast or the Middle East, the directional word is also part of a proper name, and it gets a capital letter. However, it is only compulsory to do so when "North" is part of a proper noun. Likewise, the rules for sentences apply: capitalize the common name at the . Q. Debating with an editor over capitalization of the word bicentennial. The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. In other words, capitalize words such as Mother, Father, Grandmother, Grandfather, Son, Daughter, and Sis when they are used in place of the persons name.

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