reformation wall geneva

Discover our selection of activities and take full advantage of our beautiful city throughout the year! free My pictures are just a section of the wall. info@geneve.com Suggest edits to improve what we show. Explore International Museum of the Reformation when you travel to Geneva City Centre. Kastelhoma was expanded and enhanced several times.In the end of 16th century castle was owned by the previous queen Catherine Jagellon (Stenbock), an enemy of the King of Sweden Eric XIV. I did the walking tour to see all of the aspects of the Reformation attractions in Geneva. The wall, inaugurated in 1909, also honours the influence of Guillaume Farel, Thodore de Bze and John Knox. . There is a lot to learn about Christian history through these attractions. The Reformation Wall in Geneva overlooks the Bastion Park and featuring major figures of the Reformation, flanked by smaller statues of Protestant figures. Once the city played a significant role in the history of the whole of Europe, becoming the center of Protestants and Reformers, including scandalous philosophers: Calvin, Beza and Farel. There is a lot of history behind the reformation wall It is built into the old city walls of Geneva, and the monument's location there is designed to represent the fortifications', and therefore the city of Geneva's, integral importance to the Reformation. Be the . Chuyn n ni dung chnh. As a mark of its role in the Calvinist movement, the motto is engraved on the Reformation Wall, in Geneva, and the Huguenot Monument, in Franschhoek, South Africa. Beautifully maintained and nested in one of the most beautiful parks in Geneva, the Parc des Bastions, this is a must visit when in Geneva. Bus Tours. Compra Discovering Geneva: A Comprehensive Travel Guide. The area around and down to Stornset has become a royal estate with a golf course also available in the area. per night. The Wall is located The Lake - Stroll the promenades around the lake and soak up the atmosphere. As the parliament of the municipality, the municipal council is responsible for approving the accounts and budgets of the City of Geneva. Find the inscription Post Tenebras Lux (after the darkness, the light), the motto adopted by the people of Geneva after the reformation. The Wall is in the grounds of theUniversity of Geneva, which was founded byJohn Calvin, and was built to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Calvin's birth and the 350th anniversary of the university's establishment. and the 350th anniversary of the universitys establishment. Winter Tour : Gruyeres, chocolate tour in the Swiss Riviera from Geneva. A medieval festival, replete with dance, food, and jousting occurs each year in July. Reformation Wall Geneva | Tickets & Tours - Tripadvisor Europe Switzerland Canton of Geneva Geneva Things to Do in Geneva Reformation Wall Reformation Wall: Tours and Tickets Reformation Wall: Tickets & Tours When are you traveling? Improve this listing Tours & experiences This is the version of our website addressed to speakers of English in the United States. Coming out of the train, you will have to walk several blocks to Place de Neuve - the university, near which the Wall of the Reformation is located. It was in 1909, on the 400th anniversary of the birth of Jean Calvin, that construction of the Reformation Monument began, with its location adjacent to the citys historic defensive walls. Discover our selection of activities to enjoy our beautiful city all year round. In the central, lush park of the Bastions you can get acquainted with the most important historical landmark of Geneva - the Wall of the Reformation. Eglise Russe. An additional must-see is the Reformation Wall, a building that portrays an event that changed Europe's past history for life. Improve this listing Tours & experiences Built into one of the old walls of Geneva, overlooking Le Parc des Bastions on the site of the university of Geneva founded by John Calvin, the Reformation Wall standing 5m high and 100m long, depicts main individuals, scenes and documents of the Protestant Reformation, in statues and bas-reliefs. At the same time, learn about life in the districts of Geneva, their history and their emblematic or unusual sites. Decipher riddles, interact with the most important attractions of the city, and unlock interesting facts and legends. Monument de la Reformation | Reformation Wall, Anne Boleyn and Katherine of Aragon Brilliant Rivals, Hitler vs Stalin: The Battle for Stalingrad, How Natural Disasters Have Shaped Humanity, Hasdrubal Barca: How Hannibals Fight Against Rome Depended on His Brother, Wise Gals: The Spies Who Built the CIA and Changed the Future of Espionage, Bones in the Attic: The Forgotten Fallen of Waterloo, How Climate and the Natural World Have Shaped Civilisations Across Time, The Rise and Fall of Charles Ponzi: How a Pyramid Scheme Changed the Face of Finance Forever. [2] The sculptures were then created by two French sculptors: Paul Landowski and Henri Bouchard.[3][4]. The contest involved 71 proposals from around the world, and was won by four Swiss architects: Charles Dubois, Alphonse Laverrire, Eugne Monod, and Jean Taillens (whose other design came third). In the center are Jean Calvin, Theodore Beza, Guillaume Farel and John Knox. Zip through Geneva on an electric bike and explore the city's gorgeous parks, Lake Geneva, and its hidden Old Town, famous Water Fountain, and Flower Clock. At the sides are those who spread the Reformation throughout Europe. The monument is one of the main touristic attractions of the city in which Jean Calvin, one of the key French Protestant Reformers, developed his work after 1536. Read more. Genve In addition, the . The most prominent Protestant reformers in Europe are honoured with four giant statues, a constant reminder of Geneva's important role in religious history. In the center are Jean Calvin, Theodore Beza, Guillaume Farel and John Knox. Whatever the season, Geneva is overflowing with possible excursions, both outdoor and in cultural or recreational venues. At the parks exit lies the Place de Neuve with its buildings dedicated to art and culture. Find all the transport options for your trip from Reformation Wall to Geneva right here. Geneva's Reformation Wall is built into the old city walls in the Parc des Bastions .At the center are John Calvin, William Farel, Thodore de Bze and John Knox. It appears as Post tenebras spero lucem ("After darkness, I hope for light") in the Vulgate version of Job 17:12.[1]. Typically 928 services run weekly, although weekend and holiday schedules can vary so check in advance. Interesting and Sobering piece of Religious History. Reformation Wall Monument Geneva Canton of Geneva Switzerland Hotels Expedia.com Plan your trip Find hotels near Reformation Wall Monument, Geneva from $90 Check-in Check-out Guests Most hotels are fully refundable. There are 4 main statues, each 5 metres high, of Calvin, Knox, Farel and Beza as well as 6 smaller (3 metre) statues of other Protestant luminaries including Prince William the First of Netherlands and Oliver Cromwell (England). Promenade des Bastions 1, Geneva, Switzerland. If you book with Tripadvisor, you can cancel up to 24 hours before your tour starts for a full refund. In 1634 land was joined with the County of bo and Bjrneborg and Kastelholma lost its administrative status. Read Expedia's guide to find out everything you need to know about visiting International Museum of the Reformation! During the Reformation, Geneva in Switzerland became the heart of Calvinism named for Jean Calvin, a French pastor, theologian and reformer, founded the University of Geneva. As you leave the park, explore the splendid Place de Neuve and its various artistic haunts. To reach the Wall of the Reformation in Switzerland , you need to take the IR train at the station near the Geneva airport. Suggest edits to improve what we show. It is in the Parc De Bastions so you can kill 2 birds with one stone here. edit. . The status of Women in the Protestant Reformation was deeply influenced by Bible study, as the Reformation promoted literacy and Bible study in order to study God's will in what a society should look like. . monument in Geneva, Switzerland. 1204 There were many little bon fires around to keep warm as well. 10:32 CET. Geneva, of course, is famous because of its tremendous importance during the time of the Reformation. It also votes on loans to implement new projects, adopts regulations or tasks the administrative council with defining the major orientations of collective life. . Geneva Flight Terminal (GVA) is the 2nd biggest airport in Switzerland. Reviews Q&A. The administration of the City of Geneva has a staff of 4,000 employees. La Piadineria Plainpalais, Genve: Se 23 objektive anmeldelser av La Piadineria Plainpalais, vurdert til 4,5 av 5 p Tripadvisor og vurdert som nr. Inaugurated in 1909, it was the culmination of a contest launched to transform that part of the park. We will send you the latest TV programmes, podcast episodes and articles, as well as exclusive offers from our shop and carefully selected partners. citys integral importance to the Reformation. Reformation Wall 4 681 reviews #21 of 178 things to do in Geneva Monuments & Statues Open now 12:00 AM - 11:59 PM Visit website Call Write a review About This 60-foot stone wall was built in 1909 to commemorate Geneva's vital role in the Protestant Reformation. Toursits walking through the Parc des Bastions in Geneva (Switzerland) discovered on July 15 that the Reformation Wall had been vandalised. A former botanical garden and site of the first university in Geneva, tree lined Bastions Park is popular with students and abuzz with activity most hours of the day. This monument was built in 1909 to . Post tenebras lux was formerly the state motto of Chile, before being replaced by the Spanish Por la razn o la fuerza (By reason or by force). Start Date Classes & Workshops Shopping More View map Sort by: Default Lowest Price Name Geneva City Tour Behind their huge statues is the engraving "Post Tenebras Lux" - "After darkness - light." Imposing monument celebrating the actors of the Reformation. right, the figures are those of. - Reformation Wall in Geneva vandalised. +41 (0)22 909 70 00 Set against the old city walls, the Reformation Wall or the International Monument to the Reformation consists of a stone rampart engraved and decorated with bas-reliefs, in front of which stand the statues of statesmen, pioneers and protectors of the Reformation. At the sides are those who spread the Reformation throughout Europe. Get time period newsletters, special offers and weekly programme release emails. Super 8 Film Footage - Geneva, Switzerland 1969 - Part Three - Lake Geneva -Lausanne Suggest edits to improve what we show. It is located on the territory of the university, whose founder is ZHal Calvin. This page is also available in What's the best way to see Reformation Wall? LOVE, POVERTY, WAR AND Also by Christopher Hitchens BLOOD, CLASS AND EMPIRE: The Enduring Anglo-American Relationship A LONG SHORT WAR: The Postponed Liberation of Iraq WHY ORWELL MATTERS LEFT HOOKS, RIGHT CROSSES: A Decade of Political Writing (edited with Christopher Caldwell) LETTERS TO A YOUNG CONTRARIAN THE TRIAL OF HENRY KISSINGER BLAMING THE VICTIMS: Spurious Scholarship and the . Strategy implementation A culture of clarity Change leadership <br><br>You need to engage and persuade everyone in your business ecosystem. Four men, one wall, one story. The sculptures were then created by twoFrenchsculptors Paul LandowskiandHenri Bouchard. Find a selection of monuments and sites located close to the city centre and explore the history of Geneva through the different aspects highlighted. Murs des reformateurs Beautiful historical wall with statues carved in the middle of a beautiful park. 385. For the film, see, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Post_tenebras_lux&oldid=1141776296, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Smith Preparatory Academy (a K-12 classical Christian school in Altamonte Springs, FL), This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 19:02. Scrivi una recensione. Services are operated by Transports Publics Genevois. During this period the House of Savoy dominated Geneva and later . Rome2rio is a door-to-door travel information and booking engine, helping you get to and from any location in the world. According to local website LemanBleu, the city council of Geneva will file a criminal complaint. Full-day Tours. We recognized the names Calvin and Knox but not some of the other Reformers. turn changed the world through the right preaching of the Gospel with Genve International Monument to the Reformation, Geneva, Switzerland. The Reformation Monument was the outcome of a 1909 contest to transform Bastion Park, and was won by 4 Swiss architects. The Reformation Wall was inaugurated in 1917 to mark the 400th anniversary of the birth of Calvin and the 350th anniversary of the founding of the Academy by Calvin; It is one hundred metres long; The four main figures in the middle stand 5 metres high; In total, the monument boasts 10 statues; Wall Format can be taken as capably as picked to act. Via public transport, you can reach the monument by getting trams 12, 17 or 18 or buses 3, 5, 20 and 36 to Place de Neuve, between the park and Muse Rath. "Geneva, Switzerland, Greek-Italian dispute brings power of League of Nations into question - League discusses problem at session in Palais de Reformation" / View of distant buildings seen through an. The International Monument to the Reformation. That Reformation continues to this day and needs again the renewed vigor of Marie Dentire is the only woman's name on the Reformation Wall in Geneva. Save an average of 15% on thousands of hotels with Expedia Rewards. 928 Weekly Services 18 min Average Duration artist is the same guy that did christ the redeemer in rio. The contest involved 71 proposals from around the world, but was won by four Swiss architects:Charles Dubois,Alphonse Laverrire,Eugne Monod, andJean Taillens(whose other design came third). The words of the Lords Prayer and a declaration of the Pilgrim Fathers atre incised into the wall in English, French and German langauges. Family and children's counselor Julie Lowe takes a look at some of the reasons teenagers are increasingly vulnerable to suicide and what factors lead to it. Language Label Description Also known as; English: Reformation Wall. As you know, Geneva is a great place for tourists, while it keeps a rich and difficult past. Stay at this 4-star hotel in Geneva. [2] It is used by John Calvin's adopted city of Geneva, Switzerland on their coins. +41 22 418 65 00 The Reformation Wall is situated in an exceptionally beautiful park, close to the elegant Place de Neuve in Geneva. 8.8/10 Excellent! Retrouvez dans cette rubrique les communiqus l'intention des mdias. The Reformation wall is an important part of both Geneva's and Christianity's history, and well worth a visit even if just while enjoying strolling round attractive parts of Geneva. click here for 800 x 600 enlargement The college and seminary take their name (and watermark) from the Reformation Wall of The International Monument to the Reformation, Geneva, Switzerland. Each magistrate elected acts as head of a department. Images Show all media +2 10 conclusive evidence that slavery is flourishing even in our day, Colorful Brit Awards-2016 Awards and Winners. S$221.83. Luther, Calvin and Knox I expected to see. There have been a number of vandalic acts against the Protestant monument in the past. HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH 1 1 Schaff, Philip, History of the Christian Church, (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.) 1997. Geneva Scavenger Hunt and City Highlights Walking Activity, Geneva By E Bike United Nations Old Town Lake and Fountain, The Highlights Tour in a TaxiBike: Geneva, Geneva Scavenger Hunt and Self-Guided Walking Tour, Self-Guided Audio Tour to the Sins and Virtues of Geneva, Pizzeria Ristorante Molino, Molard Genve, Archeological Site at St. Pierre's Cathedral. Established it in honor of the events of the Protestant Reformation, in order to perpetuate its main figures. The monument is an unmissable part of the park, once part of the city walls and a symbol for the Calvinist University of Geneva, and is a peaceful spot to escape the hubbub of the city any time of day. Afficher le menu: Autorits & Administration, Le plan localis de quartier de Bourgogne, International institutions, permanent missions and non-governmental organisations, Childcare structures and extracurricular activities, Nurseries and other early childcare structures, Tout contre la Terre exhibition at the Museum of Natural History, Open End 2 at the Cimetire des Rois: contemporary art in a place of remembrance, Weekly newsletter "What to do in Geneva? Due to the close connections to that theology, the individuals most prominently depicted on the Wall were Calvinists; nonetheless, key figures in other theologies are also included. monument in Geneva, Switzerland. Rome2rio displays up to date schedules, route maps, journey times and . We were in a park where a music festival was being held and we saw it in the distance. We end the tour in beautiful Bastions Park for a glimpse of Reformation Wall containing the effigies of Geneva's founding fathers. enlargement. Tripadvisor gives a Travelers Choice award to accommodations, attractions and restaurants that consistently earn great reviews from travelers and are ranked within the top 10% of properties on Tripadvisor. Jean Calvin, Theodore de Beze, Guillaume Farel and John Knox, are all depicted on the wall together with smaller memorials to other figures involved such as Oliver Cromwell and depictions of the events of the Reformation. Geneva's 'Post Tenebras Lux' motto is engraved in the wall. The International Monument to the Reformation (French: Monument international de la Rformation; German: Internationales Reformationsdenkmal), usually known as the Reformation Wall[1] (French: Mur des rformateurs), was inaugurated in 1909 in Geneva, Switzerland. Reformation Wall: Our most recommended tours and activities 1. The monument gave inspiration to one of the most important 20th century Hungarian poems, written by Gyula Illys in 1946 under the title Before the Monument of Reformation in Geneva. +41 (0)22 909 70 11 Adobe Stock Front view of the four statues at the center of the Reformation Wall in the Parc des Bastions in Geneva, Switzerland, representing John Calvin and the Calvinism's main proponents, on a sunny day. Enter your email address and password to log on. Find all the information packs offering a detailed and richly illustrated presentation of certain events, projects or information campaigns organised by the City of Geneva. A member of the Martyrs congregation, Bethany Cummings, sent me through some photos of the famous Reformation Wall (Mur des Rformateurs) in Geneva. Finally wander down along the old city walls to Geneva's theater district and center of culture at Place Neuve. This influenced women's lives in both positive and negative ways . According to Tripadvisor travelers, these are the best ways to experience Reformation Wall: promenade des Bastions 1 Parc des Bastions, Geneva 1205 Switzerland, $$ - $$$ Swiss European Vegetarian Friendly, $$ - $$$ Italian Pizza Mediterranean, $$ - $$$ Italian Mediterranean Contemporary, $$ - $$$ Italian Mediterranean European. Click on map to see a larger version. 512 av 1 727 restauranter i Genve. As far as memorials go, this is a really nice one. Abonnez-vous aux lettres d'informations pour recevoir par courrier lectronique les dernires informations de la Ville de Genve. The Reformation Wall stretches for 100 m, depicting numerous Protestant figures from across Europe. On further inspection we could see that it is well maintained and testament to the history of the city. Subscribe to the newsletters of the City of Geneva to receive a selection of upcoming events and activities. Do you need to book in advance to visit Reformation Wall? No reviews yet. But is it art? In theory, such a height symbolizes the significance of the reformers' activities. Reformation Wall 4 682 #20 of 177 things to do in Geneva Monuments & Statues Open now 12:00 AM - 11:59 PM Visit website Call Write a review About This 60-foot stone wall was built in 1909 to commemorate Geneva's vital role in the Protestant Reformation. Dcouvrez aussi les lettres d'informations par thmes. Improve this listing Tours & experiences Geneva Highlights Self-Guided Scavenger Hunt and Audio Tour Get to know Geneva at your own pace on this interactive scavenger hunt walking tour played on your phone. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. such men as memorialized there. Title page of first edition of Part I of Don Quixote (1605), featuring the motto Post tenebras spero lucem on the strapwork around the central device. Reformation Wall 4 681 #20 of 178 things to do in Geneva Monuments & Statues Open now 00:00 - 23:59 Visit website Call Write a review About This 60-foot stone wall was built in 1909 to commemorate Geneva's vital role in the Protestant Reformation. In the 14th Century the city was granted a large degree of autonomy and became self governing. Geneva Reformation Wall marks centenary The city is celebrating the 100th birthday of the imposing stone Reformation Wall in Geneva, which features huge statues of leading Protestant. The monument is one of the main touristic attractions of the city in which Jean Calvin, one of the key French Protestant Reformers, developed his work after 1536. The Wall of the Reformation appeared in Geneva in 1909, the four hundredth anniversary of the birth of Jean Calvin. Reformation Wall ( Mur de la Rformation) or Reformation Monument, was constructed from 1909 to 1917 to commemorate the 400th birthday of Jean Calvin. Theodore Beza (1519 1605) and John Knox (c.1513 1572). Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de Genve, Points of Interest & Landmarks Government Buildings, Points of Interest & Landmarks Monuments & Statues. Because flexibility matters. 1 km Religious Sites. Mainly comprised of a 100 metre wall hence it is also known as the Reformation Wall (Murs des Reformateurs) the Reformation Monument celebrates the movements main leaders in the form of statues. instance of. Suggest edits to improve what we show. This significant monument contained 10 statues of the most important figures of Calvinism. The Wall sits on the grounds of the University of Geneva founded by Jean Calvin, and was erected in 1909 to commemorate 400th anniversary of Calvin and the 350th anniversary of the university. At the heart of the Parc des Bastions, the main protagonists of the Reformation, John Calvin, William Farel, Theodore Beza and John Knox, are depicted in giant statues and bas-reliefs. per adult. You can add your own historic sites and attractions to SpottingHistory.com. On it you will pass just one stop towards Brig. 0 references. Its one of the must see destinations in Geneva. Reformation Wall 4 683 #20 of 178 things to do in Geneva Monuments & Statues Open now 12:00 AM - 11:59 PM Visit website Call Write a review About This 60-foot stone wall was built in 1909 to commemorate Geneva's vital role in the Protestant Reformation. The cathedral also houses several significant works of art, including the famous Reformation Wall, which honours key figures in Geneva's religious history. The Christogram can be seen below the statues. Since the 16th century, the city has been closely linked to Protestantism and as such, the monument was built to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Calvins birth and represent the importance of Geneva to the Reformation. This was a piece of history we hadn't heard about before. In the first reaction, the police said no-one had claimed the attack. But Cromwell is also there plus others I was not familiar with. (151 reviews) "Very clean very funky, lovely staff. proposed by the International Museum of the Reformation, which takes in 14 symbolic sites of the Reformation. notice Chapter 13 Renaissance And Reformation Test as skillfully as evaluation them wherever you are now. Quai du Mont-Blanc 2 Pre-Millennialism, Post-Millennialism or Amillennialism? part of. As I mentioned this morning, tonight I want to give you a few sort of mementos of my recent trip to Europe. The tour begins with 2 nights in Zurich, followed by 2 nights in Lucerne, 1 night in Basel and 2 in Geneva. Honouring the greats of the Protestant Reformation - The International Monument to the Reformation, usually known as the Reformation Wall is located in the campus of University of Geneva, founded by John Calvin. Discover and follow the news from Marie Barbey-Chappuis, Mayor of Geneva. @media only screen and (max-width: 425px) {.genevalive-logo {width:93px;}} .genevalive-logo {float: left; margin-bottom:0.8em;} .footer-copyright {float: right;font-size: var(--font-size-small-text);} Franais ! The wall was vandalised by an LGBT activism group in 2019, who poured rainbow-coloured paint on the statues. Detailed Reviews: Reviews order informed by descriptiveness of user-identified themes such as cleanliness, atmosphere, general tips and location information. / Image: LemanBleu.ch, AREOPAGO PROTESTANTE uses COOKIES in order to guarantee the proper functioning of our website, improve its security, obtain better efficiency and personalisation, collect statistical data and show you relevant advertising. from . 2. Geneva monument international de la reformation.jpg 666 499; 124 KB. Copyright Geneva Tourism. from . This 9 day escorted tour gives you a wonderful overview of the Swiss Reformation, with the opportunity to experience the beauty of Switzerland. Wall is impressive. Just a stones throw from the magnificent Place de Neuve in an exceptionally beautiful setting, the major figures of the Protestant Reformation are depicted as giant statues and bas-reliefs. Actually, these figures conquered more than three million people with their Protestant ideas and created a "reformatory Rome" in Geneva. The wall, which is 325 feet long and 30 feet high, is located in the Parc des Bastions in Geneva, Switzerland and features 15-foot-tall statues of four Geneva luminaries: Enjoy free WiFi, breakfast, and daily housekeeping. 0. The imposing Reformation Wall stands in the Parc des Bastions, portraying the major figures of the Reformation in the form of huge statues and bas-reliefs. The Reformation Wall, a monumental homage The leading figures of the Reformation watch over the Parc des Bastions. The paint was thrown on the monument forming a rainbow, a symbol of the LGBT groups. First record of Kastelholma (or Kastelholm) castle is from the year 1388 in the contract of Queen Margaret I of Denmark, where a large portion of the inheritance of Bo Jonsson Grip was given to the queen. As a mark of its role in the Calvinist movement, the motto is engraved on the Reformation Wall, in Geneva, and the Huguenot Monument, in Franschhoek, South Africa. The favourite to lead the Scottish government faces an obstacle - her evangelical faith, 10 differences between Martin Luther and John Calvin, Churches have hugely improved pastoral care for same-sex attracted people - and the inclusion of single people, The Imprisoned Spirits of 1 Peter 3:19-20, The paint on the Wall of Reformers, in Geneva, 15 July 2019. Within the universitys Bastion Park, the Reformation Monument is easily found on foot from the Promenade des Bastions running through the park. Promenade des Bastions 1 Well worth visiting. Book your tickets online for Reformation Wall, Geneva: See 680 reviews, articles, and 329 photos of Reformation Wall, ranked No.20 on Tripadvisor among 176 attractions in Geneva. Staff working in the park said the monument would be cleaned as soon as possible. the center were the men God used to establish biblical churches which in Department of Finance, Housing and Environment, Department of Planning, Construction and Mobility, Department of Culture and Digital Transition, Department of Social Cohesion and Solidarity. monument. All rights reserved. According to newspaper Le Matin, in March, feminist activists wrote a graffiti on the wall reading, Where are the women?, Published in: Evangelical Focus - cities

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